Debian ¥ê¥Õ¥¡¥ì¥ó¥¹ ------------------- Osamu Aoki (ÀÄÌÚ ½¤) ËÝÌõ: ³ÑÅÄ ¿µ°ì Âè A.1 Àá, `Ãø¼Ô' CVS, 2007ǯ £±·î 18Æü ÌÚÍËÆü 11»þ54ʬ01Éà UTC»þ´Ö ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ³µÍ× ---- ËÜDebian ¥ê¥Õ¥¡¥ì¥ó¥¹ (http://qref.sourceforge.net/)¤Ï_¥·¥¹¥Æ¥àƳÆþ¸å¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¡¼¥¬¥¤¥É_¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢Debian ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¹­ÈϤÊÀâÌÀ¤òÄ󶡤·¤Þ¤¹¡£Ëܽñ¤Ï_¥·¥§¥ë¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É_Îã¤òÄ̤·¤Æ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à´ÉÍý¤Î¿¤¯¤Î¶ÉÌ̤ò¥«¥Ð¡¼¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£Debian ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¡¢¥·¥¹¥Æ¥àƳÆþ¥Ò¥ó¥È¡¢Debian ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸´ÉÍý¡¢Debian ¤Î¤â¤È¤Ç¤Î Linux kernel¡¢¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥Á¥å¡¼¥Ë¥ó¥°¡¢gateway ¤ÎÁȤ߾夲Êý¡¢¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¡¼¡¢CVS¡¢¥×¥í¥°¥é¥ß¥ó¥°¤ä GnuPG ¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ´ðËÜŪ¤ÊÆþÌç¾ðÊó¤ä¥Æ¥£¥Ã¥×¾¤¬¡¢_non-developers_¤òÂоݤËÄ󶡤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ Ãøºî¸¢É½¼¨ ---------- Copyright (c) 2001--2005 by Osamu Aoki . Copyright (Chapter 2) (c) 1996--2001 by Software in the Public Interest. This document may be used under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 or higher. (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html) Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this document provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this document under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this document into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be included in translations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in the original English. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ìܼ¡ ---- 1. ½øʸ 1.1. ¸ø¼°Ê¸½ñ 1.2. ËÜʸ½ñ¤Î´·½¬ 1.3. ¥µ¥ó¥×¥ë¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È 1.4. ´ðËÜÀßÄê 1.5. Debian ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥È¥ê¥Ó¥å¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î´ðÁà 2. Debian ¤Î´ðÁÃÃμ± 2.1. Debian ¥¢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ö 2.1.1. ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¹½Â¤ 2.1.2. Debian ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥È¥ê¥Ó¥å¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó 2.1.3. `stable' ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥È¥ê¥Ó¥å¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó 2.1.4. `testing' ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥È¥ê¥Ó¥å¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó 2.1.5. `unstable' ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥È¥ê¥Ó¥å¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó 2.1.6. `frozen' ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥È¥ê¥Ó¥å¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó 2.1.7. Debian ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥È¥ê¥Ó¥å¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¥³¡¼¥É¥Í¡¼¥à 2.1.8. ²áµî¤Ë»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤¿¥³¡¼¥É¥Í¡¼¥à 2.1.9. ¥³¡¼¥É¥Í¡¼¥à¤ÎͳÍè 2.1.10. `pool' ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê 2.1.11. Sid ¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¥Ò¥¹¥È¥ê¥«¥ë¥Î¡¼¥È 2.1.12. `incoming/' ¤Ë¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤ò¥¢¥Ã¥×¥í¡¼¥É¤¹¤ë 2.1.13. ¸Å¤¤¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤ò¼èÆÀ¤¹¤ë 2.1.14. ¥¢¡¼¥­¥Æ¥¯¥Á¥ã¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó 2.1.15. ¥½¡¼¥¹¥³¡¼¥É 2.2. Debian ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸´ÉÍý¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à 2.2.1. Debian ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤Î³µ´Ñ 2.2.2. Debian ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤Î¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È 2.2.3. Debian ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸Ì¾¤Î̿̾µ¬Â§ 2.2.4. ¥í¡¼¥«¥ëÀßÄê¤ÎÊݸ 2.2.5. Debian ¥á¥ó¥Æ¥Ê¥ó¥¹¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È 2.2.6. ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸Í¥ÀèÅÙ 2.2.7. ²¾Áۥѥ屡¼¥¸ 2.2.8. ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤Î°Í¸À­ 2.2.9. "pre-depends" ¤Î°ÕÌ£ 2.2.10. ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥¿¥¹ 2.2.11. ¹¹¿·¤«¤é¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤ò hold ¤¹¤ë 2.2.12. ¥½¡¼¥¹¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸ 2.2.13. ¥½¡¼¥¹¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤«¤é¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤òºî¤ë 2.2.14. ¿·¤·¤¤ Debian ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤òºî¤ë 2.3. Debian ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É 2.3.1. `dpkg' 2.3.2. APT 2.3.3. `dselect' 2.3.4. µ¯Æ°Ãæ¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¤¹¤ë 2.3.5. `.deb' ¥¢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ö¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥À¥¦¥ó¥í¡¼¥É¤È¥­¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å 2.3.6. ¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¤Îµ­Ï¿¤ò¼è¤ë 2.4. Debian ¥Ö¡¼¥È¥×¥í¥»¥¹ 2.4.1. `init' ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à 2.4.2. ¥é¥ó¥ì¥Ù¥ë 2.4.3. ¥é¥ó¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Î¥«¥¹¥¿¥Þ¥¤¥º 2.5. ¿ÍÍÀ­¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È 2.6. ¹ñºÝ²½ 2.7. Debian ¤È kernel 2.7.1. Èó Debian ¤Ê¥½¡¼¥¹¤«¤é kernel ¤ò¥³¥ó¥Ñ¥¤¥ë¤¹¤ë 2.7.2. ¥«¥¹¥¿¥à kernel ¹½Ãۥġ¼¥ë 2.7.3. ¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë¤ò°·¤¦¤¿¤á¤ÎÆÃÊ̤ʽàÈ÷ 2.7.4. ¸Å¤¤ kernel ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤òºï½ü¤¹¤ë 3. Debian ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤Î¥Ò¥ó¥È 3.1. °ìÈÌŪ¤Ê Linux ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¥Ò¥ó¥È 3.1.1. ¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¸ß´¹À­¤Î´ðÁà 3.1.2. PC ¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤È¥Á¥Ã¥×¥»¥Ã¥È¤ò·èÄꤹ¤ë 3.1.3. Debian ¤«¤é PC ¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤ò·èÄꤹ¤ë 3.1.4. ¾¤Î OS ¤«¤é PC ¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤ò·èÄꤹ¤ë 3.1.5. Lilo ¤Î¯Àâ 3.1.6. GRUB 3.1.7. ¥Ö¡¼¥È¥Õ¥í¥Ã¥Ô¡¼¤ÎÁªÂò 3.1.8. ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë 3.1.9. LAN ¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤È IP 3.1.10. ¥æ¡¼¥¶¥¢¥«¥¦¥ó¥È 3.1.11. ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤òºîÀ® 3.1.12. DRAM ¥á¥â¥êÎ̤Υ¬¥¤¥É¥é¥¤¥ó 3.1.13. ¥¹¥ï¥Ã¥× 3.2. Bash ÀßÄê 3.3. ¥Þ¥¦¥¹¤ÎÀßÄê 3.3.1. PS/2 ¥Þ¥¦¥¹ 3.3.2. USB ¥Þ¥¦¥¹ 3.3.3. ¥¿¥Ã¥Á¥Ñ¥Ã¥É 3.4. NFS ÀßÄê 3.5. Samba ¤ÎÀßÄê 3.6. ¥×¥ê¥ó¥¿¤ÎÀßÄê 3.6.1. `lpr'Ëô¤Ï`lpd' 3.6.2. CUPS(TM) 3.7. ¥Ç¥¹¥¯¥È¥Ã¥×PCÍѤÎCRON 3.8. ¾¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È¤Ø¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤Î¥Ò¥ó¥È 3.8.1. ºÇ½é¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¸å¤Ë¤µ¤é¤Ë¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤ò ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë 3.8.2. ¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë 3.8.3. CD-RW ¤Î´ðËÜŪ¤ÊÀßÄê 3.8.4. ÂçÍÆÎÌ¥á¥â¥ê¤ª¤è¤Ó¼«Æ°ÅŸ» OFF 3.8.5. ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¥¦¥§¥Ö¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ë¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤·¤¿»þ¤Î´ñ̯¤ÊµóÆ° 3.8.6. ¥À¥¤¥¢¥ë¥¢¥Ã¥× PPP Àܳ¤ÎÀßÄê 3.8.7. `/etc/' ²¼¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÈùÄ´À°¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¾¤ÎÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë 4. Debian ¥Á¥å¡¼¥È¥ê¥¢¥ë 4.1. »Ï¤áÊý 4.1.1. root ¤È¤·¤Æ¥·¥§¥ë¤Ë¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤¹¤ë 4.1.2. ºÇ¾®¸Â¤Î½é¿´¼ÔÍѴĶ­¤ò¥»¥Ã¥È¥¢¥Ã¥× 4.1.3. ¥æ¡¼¥¶¥¢¥«¥¦¥ó¥È¤òÄɲà 4.1.4. ²¾ÁÛ¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¤òÀÚÂؤ¨¤ë 4.1.5. ¥·¥ã¥Ã¥È¥À¥¦¥ó¤Î¤ä¤ê¤«¤¿ 4.1.6. ¥×¥ì¥¤»þ´Ö 4.2. Midnight Commander (MC) 4.2.1. ¶¯²½·¿ MC 4.2.2. MC ¤Î³«»Ï 4.2.3. MC ¤Ç¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÁàºî 4.2.4. MC ¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¯ 4.2.5. MC Æâ¤Î¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿ 4.2.6. MC Æâ¤Î¥Ó¥å¡¼¥¢ 4.2.7. MC ¤Î¼«Æ°µ¯Æ°µ¡Ç½ 4.2.8. MC ¤Î FTP ²¾ÁÛ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à 4.3. Unix ¥é¥¤¥¯¤Êºî¶È´Ä¶­ 4.3.1. ÆÃÊ̤ʥ­¡¼¥¹¥È¥í¡¼¥¯ 4.3.2. ´ðËÜŪ¤Ê Unix ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É 4.3.3. ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Î¼Â¹Ô 4.3.4. ¥·¥ó¥×¥ë¤Ê¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É 4.3.5. ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¼Â¹Ô¤È´Ä¶­ÊÑ¿ô 4.3.6. ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¸¡º÷¥Ñ¥¹ 4.3.7. ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó 4.3.8. ¥·¥§¥ë¤Î¥ï¥¤¥ë¥É¥«¡¼¥É 4.3.9. ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ÎÌá¤êÃÍ 4.3.10. ŵ·¿Åª¤Ê¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥·¡¼¥±¥ó¥¹ 4.3.11. ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥¨¥¤¥ê¥¢¥¹ 4.4. Unix ¥é¥¤¥¯¤Ê¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È½èÍý 4.4.1. Àµµ¬É½¸½ 4.4.2. ÃÖ´¹É½¸½ 4.5. Unix ¥é¥¤¥¯¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à 4.5.1. Unix ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î´ðÁà 4.5.2. Debian ¤Ç¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î³µÇ° 4.5.3. ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤È¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Î¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¸¢ 4.5.4. ¥¿¥¤¥à¥¹¥¿¥ó¥× 4.5.5. ¥ê¥ó¥¯ 4.5.6. ̾Á°ÉÕ¤­¥Ñ¥¤¥× (FIFO) 4.5.7. ¥½¥±¥Ã¥È 4.5.8. ¥Ç¥Ð¥¤¥¹Ì¾ 4.5.9. `/proc' ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à 4.6. X Window System 4.6.1. X Window System ¤òµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë 4.6.2. X Window System ¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¥á¥Ë¥å 4.6.3. X Window System ¤Ç¤Î¥­¡¼¥Ü¡¼¥É¥·¡¼¥±¥ó¥¹ 4.7. Further study 5. `stable', `testing', Ëô¤Ï `unstable' ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥È¥ê¥Ó¥å¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ø¤Î¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É 5.1. Potato ¤«¤é Woody ¤Ø¤Î¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É 5.2. ¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¤Î½àÈ÷ 5.3. ¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É 5.3.1. `dselect' ¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë 5.3.2. `apt-get' ¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë 6. Debian ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸´ÉÍý 6.1. ¥¤¥ó¥È¥í¥À¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó 6.1.1. ¼çÍפʥѥ屡¼¥¸´ÉÍý¥Ä¡¼¥ë 6.1.2. ÊØÍø¤Ê¥Ä¡¼¥ë 6.2. Debian ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸´ÉÍý¤Î´ðÁà 6.2.1. task ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë 6.2.2. `aptitude' 6.2.3. `dselect' 6.2.4. APT ¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¥Ç¥£¥¹¥È¥ê¥Ó¥å¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÄɤ¤¤«¤±¤ë 6.2.5. `aptitude', `apt-get' ¤È `apt-cache' ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É 6.3. Debian ¤ÇÀ¸¤­»Ä¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É 6.3.1. Debian ¤Î¥Ð¥°¤ò¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤·¡¢½õ¤±¤òµá¤á¤ë 6.3.2. APT ¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¤Î¥È¥é¥Ö¥ë¥·¥å¡¼¥È 6.3.3. `dpkg' ¤òÍѤ¤¤¿¥ì¥¹¥­¥å¡¼ 6.3.4. ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸ÁªÂò¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤Î²óÉü 6.3.5. `/var' ¤Î¥¯¥é¥Ã¥·¥å¸å¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à²óÉü 6.3.6. ¥Ö¡¼¥ÈÉÔǽ¤Ê¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë 6.3.7. `dpkg' ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤¬²õ¤ì¤¿¾ì¹ç¤É¤¦¤¹¤ë¤« 6.4. Debian ÞºÜÑ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É 6.4.1. ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë¾ðÊó 6.4.2. ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¾ðÊó 6.4.3. APT ¤Ë¤è¤ê¥­¡¼¥Ü¡¼¥É¤Ë¿¨¤é¤º¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë 6.4.4. ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ëºÑ¤ß¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤ÎºÆÀßÄê 6.4.5. ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤Îºï½üµÚ¤Ó¥Ñ¡¼¥¸ 6.4.6. ¸Å¤¤¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤ò hold ¤¹¤ë 6.4.7. `stable'/`testing'/`unstable' ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Îº®ºß 6.4.8. ¥­¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¼è¤ê½ü¤¯ 6.4.9. ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥àÀßÄê¤Îµ­Ï¿/¥³¥Ô¡¼ 6.4.10. `stable' ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ø¤Î¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸°Ü¿¢ 6.4.11. ¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤Î¥¢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ö 6.4.12. alien ¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤Ø¤ÎÊÑ´¹Ëô¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë 6.4.13. ¼«Æ°¤Ç¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë 6.4.14. ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¸¡¾Ú¤¹¤ë 6.4.15. ºÇŬ²½¤µ¤ì¤¿ `sources.list' 6.5. ¾¤Î Debian ÆÈÆäÊÅÀ 6.5.1. `dpkg-divert' ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É 6.5.2. `equivs' ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸ 6.5.3. Alternative ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É 6.5.4. ¥é¥ó¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Î»È¤¤Êý 6.5.5. ¥Ç¡¼¥â¥ó¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¤ò̵¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë 7. Debian ¤Ç¤Î Linux kernel 7.1. Kernel (ºÆ)¹½ÃÛ 7.1.1. ¸ÅŵŪ¤ÊÊýË¡ 7.1.2. Kernel ¥Ø¥Ã¥À 7.2. proc filesystem ¤Ë¤è¤ê Linux kernel ¤ò¥Á¥å¡¼¥Ë¥ó¥°¤¹¤ë 7.2.1. Too many open files 7.2.2. Disk flush ´Ö³Ö 7.2.3. Æߤ¯¤Æ¸Å¤¤¾¯¥á¥â¥êÍÆÎÌ¥Þ¥·¥ó 7.3. 2.6 ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤È udev 8. Debian tips 8.1. ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò¥Ö¡¼¥È¤¹¤ë 8.1.1. "root ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò˺¤ì¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤¿!" (¤½¤Î 1) 8.1.2. "root ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ò˺¤ì¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤¿!" (¤½¤Î 2) 8.1.3. boot ÉÔǽ 8.1.4. "boot »þ¤Ë X ¤ò̵¸ú¤Ë¤µ¤»¤Æ¤¯¤ì!" 8.1.5. ¥Ö¡¼¥È¥×¥í¥ó¥×¥È¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿Â¾¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È¥È¥ê¥Ã¥¯ 8.1.6. GRUB ¥Ö¡¼¥È¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤ÎÀßÄê 8.2. ¹ÔÆ°¤òµ­Ï¿¤¹¤ë 8.2.1. ¥·¥§¥ë¤Ç¤Î¹ÔÆ°¤òµ­Ï¿¤¹¤ë 8.2.2. X ¤Ç¤Î¹ÔÆ°¤òµ­Ï¿¤¹¤ë 8.3. ¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥êÁ´ÂΤΥ³¥Ô¡¼¤È¥¢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ö 8.3.1. ¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥êÁ´ÂΤò¥³¥Ô¡¼¤¹¤ë´ðËÜŪ¤Ê¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É 8.3.2. `cp' 8.3.3. `tar' 8.3.4. `pax' 8.3.5. `cpio' 8.3.6. `afio' 8.4. º¹Ê¬¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤È¥Ç¡¼¥¿Æ±´ü 8.4.1. rdiff ¤òÍѤ¤¤¿º¹Ê¬¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥× 8.4.2. `pdumpfs' ¤Ë¤è¤ëÆü¡¹¤Î¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥× 8.4.3. RCS ¤Ë¤è¤ëµ¬Â§Åª¤Êº¹Ê¬¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥× 8.5. ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥Õ¥ê¡¼¥º¤«¤é¤Î²óÉü 8.5.1. ¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤ò»¦¤¹ 8.5.2. Alt-SysRq 8.6. ³Ð¤¨¤ë¤Ù¤­¾®¤µ¤¯¤ÆÞ¯Í¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É 8.6.1. Pager 8.6.2. ¥Õ¥ê¡¼¤Ê¥á¥â¥ê 8.6.3. »þ¹ï¤ÎÀßÄê (BIOS) 8.6.4. »þ¹ï¤ÎÀßÄê (NTP) 8.6.5. ¥¹¥¯¥ê¡¼¥ó¥»¡¼¥Ð¤Ê¤É¤Î¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ëµ¡Ç½¤ÎÀ©¸æÊýË¡ 8.6.6. ´ÉÍý¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Î¸¡º÷ 8.6.7. ¥µ¥¦¥ó¥É (¥Ó¡¼¥×²») ¤ò̵¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë 8.6.8. ¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¤Î¥¹¥¯¥ê¡¼¥ó¾å¤Î¥¨¥é¡¼¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸ 8.6.9. Àµ¤·¤¤¥¿¥¤¥×¤ËüËö¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë 8.6.10. üËö¤òÀµ¾ï¤Ê¾õÂÖ¤ËÌ᤹ 8.6.11. DOS ¤«¤é Unix ¥¹¥¿¥¤¥ë¤Ë¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÊÑ´¹¤¹¤ë 8.6.12. `recode' ¤Ë¤è¤ê¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÊÑ´¹¤¹¤ë 8.6.13. Àµµ¬É½¸½¤Ë¤è¤ëÃÖ´¹ 8.6.14. ¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤½¤Î¾ì¤Ç¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÊÔ½¸¤¹¤ë 8.6.15. ¥½¡¼¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤«¤éº¹Ê¬¤ò¼èÆÀ¤·¥Þ¡¼¥¸¤¹¤ë 8.6.16. Â礭¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÊ£¿ô¤Î¾®¤µ¤Ê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ËÊÑ´¹¤¹¤ë 8.6.17. ¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤«¤é¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤ò¼è¤ê½Ð¤¹ 8.6.18. ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¥Ñ¥¤¥×¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¤ï¤º¤«¤Ê¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È 8.6.19. ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤´¤È¤Ë¥ë¡¼¥×¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¤ï¤º¤«¤Ê¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È 8.6.20. Perl ¥·¥ç¡¼¥È¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Î¶¸µ¤ 8.6.21. web ¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤«¤é¥Æ¥­¥¹¥È¤ä¥á¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥ê¥¹¥ ȤΥ¢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ö¤ò¼èÆÀ¤¹¤ë 8.6.22. web ¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ò¤­¤ì¤¤¤Ë°õºþ¤¹¤ë 8.6.23. ¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤ò¤­¤ì¤¤¤Ë°õºþ¤¹¤ë 8.6.24. 2¤Ä¤Î PostScript ¤ä PDF ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¥Þ¡¼¥¸¤¹¤ë 8.6.25. ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Î¼Â¹Ô»þ´Ö¤ò·×¬¤¹¤ë 8.6.26. `nice' ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É 8.6.27. ¥¿¥¹¥¯¤Î¥¹¥±¥¸¥å¡¼¥ê¥ó¥° (`cron'¡¢`at') 8.6.28. `screen' ¤ò»È¤Ã¤ÆüËö¤òÀÚÂؤ¨¤ë 8.6.29. ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥Æ¥¹¥È¤Î´ðÁà 8.6.30. ¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤Î¥¹¥×¡¼¥ë¤«¤é¥á¡¼¥ë¤ò¥Õ¥é¥Ã¥·¥å¤¹¤ë 8.6.31. frozen ¤·¤¿¥á¡¼¥ë¤ò¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥¹¥×¡¼¥ë¤«¤éºï½ü¤¹¤ë 8.6.32. `mbox' ¤ÎÆâÍƤòºÆÇÛÁ÷¤¹¤ë 8.6.33. ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎÆâÍƤò¥¯¥ê¥¢¤¹¤ë 8.6.34. ¥À¥ß¡¼¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë 8.6.35. `chroot' 8.6.36. ¥Ï¡¼¥É¥ê¥ó¥¯¤Î¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯ÊýË¡ 8.6.37. ¥Ï¡¼¥É¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò `mount' ¤¹¤ë 8.6.38. Samba 8.6.39. ¾¤Î OS ¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò°·¤¦¤¿¤á¤Î¥æ¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ê¥Æ¥£ 8.7. Ãí°Õ¤¹¤Ù¤­Åµ·¿Åª¤Ê´Ö°ã¤¤ 8.7.1. `rm -rf .*' 8.7.2. `rm /etc/passwd' 9. Debian ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥Á¥å¡¼¥Ë¥ó¥° 9.1. ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î½é´ü²½ 9.1.1. init ¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Î¥«¥¹¥¿¥Þ¥¤¥º 9.1.2. ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥í¥°µ­Ï¿¤ò¥«¥¹¥¿¥Þ¥¤¥º¤¹¤ë 9.1.3. ¥Ï¡¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¤ÎºÇŬ²½ 9.2. ¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹À©¸Â 9.2.1. PAM ¤òÍѤ¤¤¿¥í¥°¥¤¥óÀ©¸Â 9.2.2. "¤Ê¤¼ GNU `su' ¤Ï `wheel' ¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ò ¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤«" 9.2.3. ɸ½à¤Ç¸ºß¤¹¤ë¥°¥ë¡¼¥×¤ÎÌÜŪ 9.2.4. -- `sudo' ¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤è¤ê°ÂÁ´¤Ëºî¶È¤ò¤¹¤ë 9.2.5. ¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¤Ø¤Î¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¤òÀ©¸Â¤¹¤ë 9.2.6. ½¸¸¢ÅªÇ§¾Ú -- LDAP 9.3. CD ¥é¥¤¥¿¡¼ 9.3.1. ƳÆþ 9.3.2. ¥¢¥×¥í¡¼¥Á 1: ¥â¥¸¥å¡¼¥ë + `lilo' 9.3.3. ¥¢¥×¥í¡¼¥Á 2: kernel ºÆ¹½ÃÛ 9.3.4. ÀßÄê¸å¤Î¥¹¥Æ¥Ã¥× 9.3.5. CD ¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë (¥Ö¡¼¥¿¥Ö¥ë) 9.3.6. CD ¥é¥¤¥¿¡¼ (R,RW) ¤Ë½ñ¤­¹þ¤à 9.3.7. CD ¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎºîÀ® 9.3.8. Debian CD ¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸ 9.3.9. ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò CD-R ¤Ë¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥× 9.3.10. ²»³Ú CD ¤ò CD-R ¤Ë¥³¥Ô¡¼¤¹¤ë 9.3.11. DVD-R ¤ä DVD-RW ¤ä DVD+RW ¤Ø¤Î½ñ¤­¹þ¤ß 9.4. X 9.4.1. X ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸ 9.4.2. X ÍѤΥϡ¼¥É¥¦¥§¥¢¸¡½Ð 9.4.3. X ¥µ¡¼¥Ð 9.4.4. X ¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È 9.4.5. X ¥»¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó 9.4.6. TCP/IP ±Û¤·¤Ë X ¤ò»È¤¦ 9.4.7. ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¤Î X ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ËÀܳ¤¹¤ë -- `xhost' 9.4.8. ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¤Î X ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ËÀܳ¤¹¤ë -- `ssh' 9.4.9. X ¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Ê¥ë¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥¿ -- `xterm' 9.4.10. X ¥ê¥½¡¼¥¹ 9.4.11. X ¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë keymap ¤È¥Ý¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Ü¥¿¥ó¥Þ¥Ã¥Ô¥ó¥° 9.4.12. X ¤Ç root ¸¢¸Â¤ò¼èÆÀ¤¹¤ë 9.4.13. X ¤Ç¤Î TrueType ¥Õ¥©¥ó¥È 9.4.14. X ¤Ç¤Î¥¦¥§¥Ö¥Ö¥é¥¦¥¶ 9.4.15. X Íѥ᡼¥ë¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È (MUA) 9.5. SSH 9.5.1. SSH ¤Î´ðÁà 9.5.2. SMTP/POP3 ¥È¥ó¥Í¥ëÍѤΥݡ¼¥È¥Õ¥©¥ï¡¼¥É 9.5.3. ¥Ñ¥¹¥ï¡¼¥É¤ÎÆþÎϤ¬¾¯¤Ê¤¤Àܳ -- RSA 9.5.4. ¾¤Î SSH ¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥È¤Î°·¤¤ 9.5.5. `ssh-agent' ¤Î¥»¥Ã¥È¥¢¥Ã¥× 9.5.6. SSH ¤Î¥È¥é¥Ö¥ë¥·¥å¡¼¥È 9.6. ¥á¡¼¥ë 9.6.1. Mail transport agents (MTAs) 9.6.2. ¥á¡¼¥ë¤ò¼èÆÀ¤¹¤ë -- Fetchmail 9.6.3. `crm114' ¤Ç¤Î¥¹¥Ñ¥à½èÍý 9.6.4. ¥á¡¼¥ë½èÍý -- Procmail 9.6.5. ¥á¡¼¥ë¤òÆɤà -- Mutt 9.7. ¥í¡¼¥«¥é¥¤¥¼¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó (l10n) 9.7.1. ¥í¡¼¥«¥é¥¤¥¼¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î´ðËÜ 9.7.2. ¥í¥±¡¼¥ë 9.7.3. ¥í¥±¡¼¥ëÆþÌç 9.7.4. ¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤òÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë 9.7.5. ÆÃÄê¤Î¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¤òÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤¹¤ë 9.7.6. ISO 8601 ÆüÉÕɽ¼¨¥í¥±¡¼¥ë 9.7.7. Êƹñ (ISO-8859-1) ¤ÎÎã 9.7.8. ¥æ¡¼¥í¤òÍѤ¤¤¿¥Õ¥é¥ó¥¹¸ì¤ÎÎã (ISO-8859-15) 9.7.9. ¿¸À¸ì X window ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ÎÎã 9.7.10. X ¤Ç¤ÎÂåÂØÆþÎϥ᥽¥Ã¥É 9.7.11. X ¥¿¡¼¥ß¥Ê¥ë¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥¿ 9.7.12. X üËö¥¨¥ß¥å¥ì¡¼¥¿¤Î UTF-8 ¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È 9.7.13. ¥Õ¥ì¡¼¥à¥Ð¥Ã¥Õ¥¡¥³¥ó¥½¡¼¥ë¤Ç UTF-8 ¤ò»È¤¦Îã 9.7.14. ¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¤ò±Û¤¨¤Æ 9.8. ¥Þ¥ë¥Á¥ê¥ó¥¬¥ê¥¼¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó (m17n) 10. ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤ÎÀßÄê 10.1. IP ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Î´ðÁà 10.2. Äã¥ì¥Ù¥ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤ÎÀßÄê 10.2.1. Äã¥ì¥Ù¥ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ÀßÄê¥Ä¡¼¥ë -- `ifconfig' ¤È `route' 10.2.2. Äã¥ì¥Ù¥ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ÀßÄê¥Ä¡¼¥ë -- `ip' 10.2.3. ̵Àþ LAN ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¥¤¥¹¤ÎÀßÄê 10.2.4. PPP ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¥¤¥¹¤ÎÀßÄê 10.3. ¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤Î̾Á°ÉÕ¤± 10.3.1. ¥Û¥¹¥È̾ 10.3.2. Mailname 10.4. ¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹ (DNS) 10.4.1. ¥ê¥¾¥ë¥Ð 10.4.2. ¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¾ðÊó¤Î´ÉÍý -- `resolvconf' 10.4.3. ¸¡º÷¤·¤¿Ì¾Á°¤ò¥­¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¤¹¤ë -- `nscd', `dnsmasq', `pdnsd', `bind9' 10.4.4. ¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¤ò¶¡µë¤¹¤ë -- `bind' 10.5. DHCP ¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¥¤¥¹¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë 10.6. Debian ¤Ç¤Î¹â¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Ê¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ÀßÄê 10.6.1. `ifupdown'¤òÍѤ¤¤¿¹â¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Ê¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ÀßÄê 10.6.2. `ifupdown'ÏÀÍý¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¥¤¥¹ÄêµÁ¤ òÍѤ¤¤¿¹â¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Ê¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ÀßÄê 10.6.3. `ifupdown' ¤òÍѤ¤¤¿ËâË¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ÀßÄê 10.6.4. `network-manager' ¤òÍѤ¤¤¿ ¼«Æ°¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ÀßÄê 10.7. ¥«¡¼¥Í¥ë¤Ë¤è¤ë°ì´ÓÀ­¤Î¤Ê¤¤¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¥¤¥¹¤Î̿̾¤ò°·¤¦ 10.8. ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ÀßÄê¤Î¥È¥ê¥¬¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë 10.8.1. ¥Ö¡¼¥È»þ¤Ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ÀßÄê¤Î¥È¥ê¥¬¡¼¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë 10.8.2. ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ÀßÄê¤Î¥È¥ê¥¬¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë -- `hotplug' 10.8.3. ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ÀßÄê¤Î¥È¥ê¥¬¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë -- `ifplugd' 10.8.4. ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ÀßÄê¤Î¥È¥ê¥¬¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë -- `waproamd' 10.8.5. ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ÀßÄê¤È PCMCIA 10.9. ¿ÃÊ¥Þ¥Ã¥Ô¥ó¥° 10.10. ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¤ÎÀßÄê 10.11. ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Î¥È¥é¥Ö¥ë¥·¥å¡¼¥È 10.12. ¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¥ë¡¼¥¿¤ò¹½ÃÛ¤¹¤ë 10.12.1. Netfilter ÀßÄê 10.12.2. Ê£¿ô¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥ÈÀܳ¤ò´ÉÍý¤¹¤ë 11. ¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿ 11.1. ͭ̾¤Ê¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿ 11.2. ¶ÛµÞÍÑ¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿ 11.3. Emacs ¤È Vim 11.3.1. Vim ¤Î»ÈÍÑ¥Ò¥ó¥È 11.3.2. Emacs ¤Î»ÈÍÑ¥Ò¥ó¥È 11.3.3. ¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤òµ¯Æ° 11.3.4. ¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Î¥µ¥Þ¥ê (Emacs, Vim) 11.3.5. Vim ¤ÎÀßÄê 11.3.6. Ctags 11.3.7. ¹½Ê¸¶¯Ä´¤µ¤ì¤¿¥¹¥¯¥ê¡¼¥ó¤«¤é HTML ¥½¡¼¥¹¤ËÊÑ´¹ 11.3.8. `vim' ¤Ë¤è¤ê¥¹¥¯¥ê¡¼¥ó¤òʬ³ä¤¹¤ë 12. ¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó´ÉÍý¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à 12.1. Concurrent Versions System (CVS) 12.1.1. CVS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë 12.1.2. CVS ¥»¥Ã¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÎÎã 12.1.3. CVS ¤Î¥È¥é¥Ö¥ë¥·¥å¡¼¥È 12.1.4. CVS ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É 12.2. Subversion 12.2.1. Subversion ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë 12.2.2. CVS ¥ê¥Ý¥¸¥È¥ê¤«¤é Subversion ¤Ø¤Î°Ü¹Ô 12.2.3. Subversion ¤Î»ÈÍÑÎã 13. ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥ß¥ó¥° 13.1. »Ï¤áÊý 13.2. ¥·¥§¥ë 13.2.1. Bash -- _GNU_ ɸ½à¤ÎÂÐÏÃ¥·¥§¥ë 13.2.2. POSIX ¥·¥§¥ë 13.2.3. ¥·¥§¥ë¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿ 13.2.4. ¥·¥§¥ë¥ê¥À¥¤¥ì¥¯¥È 13.2.5. ¥·¥§¥ë¤Î¾ò·ïʸ 13.2.6. ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¥é¥¤¥ó½èÍý 13.3. Awk 13.4. Perl 13.5. Python 13.6. Make 13.7. C 13.7.1. ¥·¥ó¥×¥ë¤Ê C ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à (`gcc') 13.7.2. ¥Ç¥Ð¥Ã¥° 13.7.3. Flex -- Lex ¤Î²þÎÉÈÇ 13.7.4. Bison -- Yacc ¤Î²þÎÉÈÇ 13.7.5. Autoconf 13.8. Web 13.9. ¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤Î½àÈ÷ 13.9.1. `roff' ¿¢»ú 13.9.2. SGML 13.9.3. TeX/LaTeX 13.9.4. Literate Programming 13.10. ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¥ó¥° 13.10.1. ñÆȤΥХ¤¥Ê¥ê¤ò¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¥ó¥°¤¹¤ë 13.10.2. ¥Ä¡¼¥ë¤òÍѤ¤¤¿¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¥ó¥° 14. GnuPG 14.1. GnuPG ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë 14.2. GnuPG ¤ò»È¤¦ 14.3. GnuPG ¤Î´ÉÍý 14.4. ¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç GnuPG ¤ò»È¤¦ 14.4.1. Mutt ¤Ç GnuPG ¤ò»È¤¦ 14.4.2. Vim ¤Ç GnuPG ¤ò»È¤¦ 15. Debian ¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È 15.1. »²¹Íʸ¸¥ 15.2. ñ¸ì¤Î°ÕÌ£¤òÄ´¤Ù¤ë 15.3. Debian ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤Î¿Íµ¤ÅÙ¤òÄ´¤Ù¤ë 15.4. Debian ¥Ð¥°ÄÉÀ×¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à (BTS) 15.5. ¥á¡¼¥ê¥ó¥°¥ê¥¹¥È 15.6. Internet Relay Chat (IRC) 15.7. ¥µ¡¼¥Á¥¨¥ó¥¸¥ó 15.8. ¥¦¥§¥Ö¥µ¥¤¥È A. ÉÕÏ¿ A.1. Ãø¼Ô A.2. ÊÝ¾Ú A.3. ¥Õ¥£¡¼¥É¥Ð¥Ã¥¯ A.4. ʸ½ñ¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È A.5. Debian ÌÂÏ© A.6. 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[1] ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î `*config' ¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ï¿·¤·¤¤ Sarge ¥ê¥ê¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤Ï ¾Ã¤¨¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤ÎÀßÄ굡ǽ¤Ï `debconf' ¤Ë°ÜÆ°¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ 6.4.5. ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤Îºï½üµÚ¤Ó¥Ñ¡¼¥¸ --------------------------------- ÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò°Ý»ý¤·¤¿¤Þ¤Þ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤òºï½ü¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ # aptitude remove ... # dpkg --remove ... ÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò´Þ¤á¡¢¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤òºï½ü¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ # aptitude purge ... # dpkg --purge ... 6.4.6. ¸Å¤¤¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤ò hold ¤¹¤ë --------------------------------- Î㤨¤Ð¡¢`libc6' ¤È `libc6-dev' ¤ò `dselect' ¤ª¤è¤Ó `aptitude install ' ¤ËÂФ·¤Æ hold ¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¼¡¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ # echo -e "libc6 hold\nlibc6-dev hold" | dpkg --set-selections `aptitude install ' ¤Ï¤³¤Î "hold" ¤Ë¤è¤ê±£¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ `aptitude upgrade ' Ëô¤Ï `aptitude dist-upgrade' ¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¼«Æ°¥À¥¦¥ó¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¤Î¶¯¹Ô¤«¤é ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤ò hold ¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ `/etc/apt/preferences' ¤Ë¼¡¤Î¹Ô¤òÄɲ䷤Ƥ¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£ Package: libc6 Pin: release a=stable Pin-Priority: 2000 ¤³¤³¤Ç¡¢ "`Package:'" ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ï "`libc6*'" ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò »È¤¨¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£`glibc' ¥½¡¼¥¹¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤ËƱ´ü¤·¤¿¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î Á´¥Ð¥¤¥Ê¥ê¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤ò hold ¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢¤½¤ì¤é¤Î¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤òÌÀ¼¨Åª¤Ë µó¤²¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¼¡¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ë¤è¤ê hold ¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤òɽ¼¨¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£ dpkg --get-selections "*"|grep -e "hold$" 6.4.7. `stable'/`testing'/`unstable' ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Îº®ºß --------------------------------------------------- `apt-show-versions' ¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢ÆÃÄê¤Î¥Ç¥£¥¹¥È¥ê¥Ó¥å¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ë¤è¤ë ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤ò¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£ $ apt-show-versions | fgrep /testing | wc ... testing ¤«¤é¤Î¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¿ô¤ò¥«¥¦¥ó¥È $ apt-show-versions -u ... ¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É²Äǽ¤Ê¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¿ô $ aptitude install `apt-show-versions -u -b | fgrep /unstable` ... Á´¤Æ¤Î unstable ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤òºÇ¿·¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Ë¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É 6.4.8. ¥­¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¼è¤ê½ü¤¯ --------------------------------------------------- APT ¤Ç¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤ò¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¥­¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬ `/var/cache/apt/archives' ¤Ë»Ä¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤³¤ì¤é¤ò¾Ã¤¹É¬Íפ¬ ¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ # apt-get autoclean # ɬÍפʤ¤¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¤ßºï½ü # apt-get clean # ¥­¥ã¥Ã¥·¥å¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÁ´¤Æ¤òºï½ü 6.4.9. ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥àÀßÄê¤Îµ­Ï¿/¥³¥Ô¡¼ -------------------------------- ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸ÁªÂò¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥¿¥¹¤Î¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥³¥Ô¡¼¤ò¼è¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¼¡¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ # debconf-get-selections > # dpkg --get-selections "*" > # Ëô¤Ï \* ¤ò»ÈÍÑ `"*"' ¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢`' ¤¬ "purge" ÍѤΠ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ë¤â´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¾¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤ËžÁ÷¤·¡¢¤³¤ì¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë²Äǽ¤Ç¤¹¡£ # dselect update # debconf-set-selections < # dpkg --set-selections < # apt-get -u dselect-upgrade # <Ëô¤Ï> dselect install 6.4.10. `stable' ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ø¤Î¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸°Ü¿¢ ------------------------------------------- `stable' ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ÎÉôʬŪ¤Ê¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¥½¡¼¥¹¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤ò ÍѤ¤¤Æ `stable' ´Ä¶­¤Ç¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤òºÆ¹½ÃÛ¤¹¤ë¤Î¤¬Ë¾¤Þ¤·¤¤¤Ç¤¹¡£ ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸ºÆ¹½Ãۤˤè¤ê¡¢°Í¸À­¤Ë¤è¤ë¶¯°ú¤Ê¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¥¢¥Ã¥×¥°¥ì¡¼¥É¤òÈò¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤¬ ¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤º¡¢¼¡¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò `/etc/apt/sources.list' ¤ËÄɲä·¤Þ¤¹¡£ deb-src http://http.us.debian.org/debian testing \ main contrib non-free deb-src http://http.us.debian.org/debian unstable \ main contrib non-free ¤³¤³¤Ç¡¢`deb-src' ¤ËÂФ¹¤ë³Æ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤Ï°õºþ»þ¤ÎÀ©¸Â¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë 2¹Ô¤Ëʬ³ä ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¤¬¡¢¼ÂºÝ¤Î `sources.list' ¤Ï 1¹Ô¤È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£ ¤½¤·¤Æ¥½¡¼¥¹¤ò¼èÆÀ¤·¡¢¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤òºîÀ®¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ $ apt-get update # ¥½¡¼¥¹¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤Î¸¡º÷¥ê¥¹¥È¤ò¹¹¿· $ apt-get source $ dpkg-source -x $ cd ... 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CD ¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ÎºîÀ® -------------------------------- ¤¢¤ë CD-R ¤ä¾¦ÍÑ CD ¤Ï `dd' ¤Ë¤è¤ë¥³¥Ô¡¼¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë ½ª¤ï¤ê¤Ë²õ¤ì¤¿¥»¥¯¥¿¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£(Windows 98 CD ¤Ï¤³¤Î 1 ¤Ä¤Ç¤¹) `cdrecord' ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤Ë¤Ï `readcd' ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤¬Éտ路¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò»È¤¦¤È CD ¤ÎÆâÍƤò¥³¥Ô¡¼¤·¤Æ ¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òºîÀ®¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Î¾ì¹ç¡¢¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤·¤Æ `df' ¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê¼ÂºÝ¤Î¥µ¥¤¥º¤¬¤ï¤«¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤½¤Î¥Ö¥í¥Ã¥¯¿ô¤ò 2 ¤Ç³ä¤Ã¤Æ¼ÂºÝ¤Î CD ¥»¥¯¥¿¡¼¿ô¤¬¤ï¤«¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ (1¥»¥¯¥¿ = 2048 byte) ¤½¤·¤Æ `readcd' ¤ò¼¡¤Ë¼¨¤¹¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥óÉÕ¤­¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤·¡¢ ºîÀ®¤µ¤ì¤¿¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ CD-R/RW ¤Ë½ñ¤­¹þ¤á¤Þ¤¹¡£ # readcd dev=,, # µ¡Ç½ 11 ¤òÁªÂò ¤³¤³¤Ç¡¢¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¤³¤ì¤é 3 ¤Ä¤Î¥Ñ¥é¥á¡¼¥¿¤ÏÁ´¤Æ 0 ¤Ë¥»¥Ã¥È¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ Ä̾ï `readcd' ¤Ë¤è¤êÍ¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤ë¥»¥¯¥¿¿ô¤Ï²áÂç¤Ç¤¹! ¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¥Þ¥¦¥ó¥È¤·¤ÆÆÀ¤é¤ì¤ë¿ô¤ò»È¤¦Êý¤¬¤è¤êÎɤ¤·ë²Ì¤ò¤â¤¿¤é¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ `dd' ¤ò CD ¤ËÂФ·¤Æ»È¤¦¤È¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«ÌäÂ꤬ȯÀ¸¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ò ¸ÀµÚ¤¹¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤¹¡£`dd' ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤òºÇ½é¤Ë¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢ ¥¨¥é¡¼¤¬È¯À¸¤·¡¢ËöÈø¤¬¼º¤ï¤ì¤¿Ã»¤¤¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ ¼¡¤Ë `dd' ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥µ¥¤¥º¤¬»ØÄꤵ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤ ¾ì¹ç¡¢¸å¤í¤Ë¤´¤ß¥Ç¡¼¥¿¤¬Éտ路¤¿Â礭¤Ê¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤ ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤¬¤¢¤ë¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£°ú¿ô¤È¤·¤ÆÀµ¤·¤¤¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¥µ¥¤¥º¤òÍ¿¤¨¤Æ `dd' ¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò 2 ²ó¼Â¹Ô¤·¡¢¥¨¥é¡¼¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Î¸å¤Ë CD ¤ò¥¤¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤³¤ì¤é¤ÎÌäÂê¤òÈò¤±¤é¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£ Î㤨¤Ð¡¢`df' ¤Ë¤è¤êɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤ë¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸¥µ¥¤¥º¤¬ `46301184' ¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢¼¡¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò 2 ²ó¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤È Àµ¤·¤¤¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸¤òÆÀ¤é¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£(¤³¤ì¤Ï·Ð¸³Åª¤Ê¾ðÊó¤Ç¤¹) # dd if=/dev/cdrom of=cd.img bs=2048 count=$((46301184/2)) 9.3.8. Debian CD ¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸ ------------------------- Debian CD ¤ÎºÇ¿·¾ðÊó¤òÆÀ¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ Debian CD site (http://www.debian.org/CD/) ¤òˬ¤ì¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£ ¹â®¤Ê¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥ÈÀܳ¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢¼¡¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯±Û¤·¤Ë ¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ò¹Í¤¨¤Æ¤ß¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£ * ¿ôËç¤Î floppy images (http://www.debian.org/distrib/floppyinst) Ëô¤Ï * minimal bootable CD image (http://www.debian.org/CD/netinst/)¡£ ¹â®¤Ê¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥ÈÀܳ¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢ CD vendor (http://www.debian.org/CD/vendors/) ¤«¤é CD ¤ò¹ØÆþ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤ò ¹Íθ¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£ CD ¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸¤Î¥Æ¥¹¥¿¤Ç̵¤¤¸Â¤ê¡¢(¤¿¤È¤¨¿·¤·¤¤ jigdo ¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿¤È¤·¤Æ¤â) ɸ½à¤Î CD ¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸¤ò¥À¥¦¥ó¥í¡¼¥É¤·¤Æ¥Ð¥ó¥ÉÉý¤ò̵Â̤˾ÃÈñ¤·¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£ ¸ÀµÚ¤¹¤Ù¤­ CD ¥¤¥á¡¼¥¸¤Ï KNOPPIX - Live Linux Filesystem On CD (http://www.knopper.net/knoppix/index-en.html) ¤Ç¤¹¡£ ¤³¤Î CD ¤Ï¥Ï¡¼¥É¥Ç¥£¥¹¥¯¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤»¤º¤Ëµ¡Ç½¤¹¤ë Debian ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò ¥Ö¡¼¥È¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ 9.3.9. ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò CD-R ¤Ë¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥× ------------------------------------- ¼çÍפÊÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤È¥Ç¡¼¥¿¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò CD-R ¤Ë¥³¥Ô¡¼¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ `backup (http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/examples/)' ¤Ë¤¢¤ë¥µ¥ó¥×¥ë¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥× ¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤ò»È¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Ëô¡¢Âè 8.3 Àá, `¥µ¥Ö¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥êÁ´ÂΤΥ³¥Ô¡¼¤È¥¢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ö' ¤È Âè 8.4 Àá, `º¹Ê¬¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¥¢¥Ã¥×¤È¥Ç¡¼¥¿Æ±´ü' ¤â¤´Í÷²¼¤µ¤¤¡£ 9.3.10. ²»³Ú CD ¤ò CD-R ¤Ë¥³¥Ô¡¼¤¹¤ë ------------------------------------ ¥Æ¥¹¥È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ # apt-get install cdrecord cdparanoia # cdparanoia -s -B # cdrecord dev=0,0,0 speed=2 -v -dao -eject defpregap=1 -audio *.wav Ëô¤Ï # apt-get install cdrdao #disk at once # cdrdao read-cd --device /dev/cdrom --paranoia-mode 3 my_cd # CD ¤òÆɤ߹þ¤à # cdrdao write --device /dev/cdrom --speed 8 my_cd # ¿·¤·¤¤ CD ¤ò½ñ¤­¹þ¤à `cdrdao' ¤Ï (¥®¥ã¥Ã¥×¤Ê¤É¤¬Ìµ¤¤) ¿¿¤Î¥³¥Ô¡¼¤òºî¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ 9.3.11. 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SSH ¤Î¥È¥é¥Ö¥ë¥·¥å¡¼¥È ----------------------------- ÌäÂ꤬ȯÀ¸¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢ÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¥¢¥¯¥»¥¹¸¢¤ò¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯¤·¡¢`ssh' ¤ò "`-v'" ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ä¤­¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£ root ¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥¢¡¼¥¦¥©¡¼¥ë¤Î¥È¥é¥Ö¥ë¤¬È¯À¸¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢ "`-P'" ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£¤³¤ì¤Ï¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¥Ý¡¼¥È 1 ¤«¤é 1023 ¤Î»ÈÍѤò Èò¤±¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¤Î¥µ¥¤¥È¤Ø¤Î `ssh' Àܳ¤¬ÆÍÁ³Æ°¤«¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢ ¤½¤ì¤Ï¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à´ÉÍý¼Ô¤Î¤ä¤Ã¤Ä¤±»Å»ö¤Î¤»¤¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Þ¤»¤ó¤·¡¢ºÇ¤â¤¢¤ê¤¨¤ë¤Î¤Ï ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥á¥ó¥Æ¥Ê¥ó¥¹Ãæ¤Ë `host_key' ¤¬Êѹ¹¤µ¤ì¤¿¤¿¤á¤Ç¤¹¡£ ¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¸¶°ø¤ÇÀܳ¤¬Ää»ß¤·¡¢¤À¤ì¤â¥Ï¥Ã¥¯¤·¤Æ¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¥Û¥¹¥È¤òµ¶Â¤¤·¤è¤¦¤È ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ò³Îǧ¤·¤Æ¤«¤é¡¢`host_key' ¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò ¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Þ¥·¥ó¤Î `$HOME/.ssh/known_hosts' ¤«¤éºï½ü¤·¤Æ Àܳ¤ò²óÉü¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£ 9.6. ¥á¡¼¥ë ----------- ¥á¡¼¥ë¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ï»°¤Ä¤Î¥«¥Æ¥´¥ê¤Ëʬ³ä¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£ * mail transfer agent (MTA): `exim4', `postfix', `sendmail', `qmail', `ssmtp', `nullmailer' ¤Ê¤É * mail utilities: `procmail', `fetchmail', `mailx', `crm114', ¤Ê¤É * mail user agent (MUA): `mutt', `emacs'+`gnus' ¤Ê¤É 9.6.1. 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(·Ú¤¤¤Ç¤¹¤è) exec blackbox #exec xfwm #exec wmaker * Linux üËöÍÑ¤Ë `~/.bash_profile' ¤Ë¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¡£ (Á´°÷) * ¸ºß¤¹¤ë¤Ê¤é¤Ð`~/.bashrc' ¤«¤é¥í¥±¡¼¥ë¤ÎÀßÄê¤òºï½ü¤¹¤ë¡£ (Á´°÷) * `/etc/menu/' ¤Ë¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÄɲ乤롣(Á´°÷) * `/etc/menu/xterm-local': (menu ¤Ë¿·¤·¤¤¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤òÄɲÃ) [2] ?package(xterm):\ needs=x11\ section=XShells\ longtitle="XTerm: terminal emulator (en_US.ISO-8859-1)"\ title="XTerm (en_US.ISO-8859-1)"\ command="sh -c 'LC_ALL=en_US.ISO-8859-1 xterm'" ?package(xterm):\ needs=x11\ section=XShells\ longtitle="XTerm: terminal emulator (de_DE.ISO-8859-1)"\ title="XTerm (de_DE.ISO-8859-1)"\ command="sh -c 'LC_ALL=de_DE.ISO-8859-1 xterm -T xterm-de'" ?package(xterm):\ needs=x11\ section=XShells\ longtitle="XTerm: terminal emulator for X with Unicode support (Japanese)"\ title="UXTerm (ja_JP.UTF-8)"\ command="sh -c 'LC_ALL=ja_JP.UTF-8 uxterm'" * `/etc/menu/kterm': (¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Îɸ½à¤ò¾å½ñ¤­) [3] ?package(kterm):\ needs="x11"\ section="XShells"\ command="sh -c 'LC_ALL=ja_JP.eucJP PAGER=w3m /usr/X11R6/bin/kterm -xim'" \ title="Kanji Terminal" ?package(kterm):\ needs="x11"\ section="XShells"\ command="sh -c 'LANG=ja_JP.eucJP \ LC_MESSAGES=en_US.ISO-8859-1 PAGER=w3m /usr/X11R6/bin/kterm -xim'" \ title="Kanji Terminal (bilingal)" * `/etc/menu/mozilla-local': (¿·¤·¤¤¥·¥ç¡¼¥È¥«¥Ã¥È¤òÄɲÃ) [4] ?package(mozilla-browser):needs="x11" section="/" \ title=" Mozilla Navigator" command="mozilla-1.5" hints="Web browsers" \ icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla.xpm * root ¥¢¥«¥¦¥ó¥È¤«¤é `update-menus' ¤òµ¯Æ°¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ * `~/.muttrc' ¤Ë¼¡¤Î¹Ô¤òÄɲä·¤Þ¤¹¡£ (ÆüËܸì) # UTF-8 support is not popular in popular Japanese EMACS environment # 7-bit encoding of iso-2022-jp is easier for everyone. # default encoding order = us-ascii --> iso-8859-1 --> iso-2022-jp set send_charset="us-ascii:iso-8859-1:iso-2022-jp" set allow_8bit=no * X ¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë XIM `kinput2' ¤òÍ­¸ú¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ (ÆüËܸìÍÑ) * X ¥ê¥½¡¼¥¹¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë `*inputMethod: kinput2' ¤È `KTerm*VT100*OpenIm:true' ¤òÄɲä·¤Þ¤¹¡£ (Debian ¤Ï¤³¤ì¤ò¤É¤¦¤¤¤¦¤ï¤±¤«¼«Æ°¤ÇÂбþ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¡£) * (`mlterm' ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê) ¤¤¤¯¤Ä¤«¤Î¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ï `*inputMethod:' ¤òÀßÄꤹ¤ë¤È¾¤Î¾ðÊó¤ÏưŪ¤Ëµ¯Æ°»þ¤ËÀßÄꤹ¤ë ¤³¤È¤òµö²Ä¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ (`mlterm' ¤Ç¤Ï _Ctrl-MouseButton-3_ ¤ò²¡¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£) * `startx' ¤ò¥¿¥¤¥×¤¹¤ë¤«¡¢¥Ç¥£¥¹¥×¥ì¥¤¥Þ¥Í¡¼¥¸¥ã (`xdm', `gdm', `kdm', `wdm' ¤Ê¤É) ¤Î¤É¤ì¤«¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¥í¥°¥¤¥ó¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê X ¤òµ¯Æ°¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£(Á´°÷) * Vim 6, (x)emacs21, mc-4.5, mutt-1.4 ¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÆüËܸì¤ËÂбþ¤·¤¿ ¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò `kterm' ¾å¤Çµ¯Æ°¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£(ÆüËܸìÍÑ) (Emacs ¤ÏºÇ¤â¥Ý¥Ô¥å¥é¡¼¤Ê¥×¥é¥Ã¥È¥Õ¥©¡¼¥à¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢»ä¤Ï»È¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£) * _Shift+Space_ ¤ò²¡¤·¤ÆÆüËܸìÆþÎϥ⡼¥É¤Î ON/OFF ¤ò¥È¥°¥ë¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£(ÆüËܸìÍÑ) * ¥í¡¼¥«¥é¥¤¥º¤µ¤ì¤¿Ã¼Ëö¾å¤Ç¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤òµ¯Æ°¤·¤ÆËÝÌõºÑ¤ß¤Î ¥Þ¥Ë¥å¥¢¥ë¥Ú¡¼¥¸¤òÆɤߤޤ¹¡£(Á´°÷) ¾¤Î CJK ¸À¸ì¤Î¥µ¥Ý¡¼¥È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¼¡¤Î¾Ï¤Ë³¤¤¤Æ SuSE pages for CJK (http://www.suse.de/~mfabian/suse-cjk/suse-cjk.html) ¤ò¤´Í÷²¼¤µ¤¤¡£ [1] In this example, 2 bug work arounds are deployed for the version of `blackbox' in 2003. 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Äã¥ì¥Ù¥ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤ÎÀßÄê -------------------------------- GNU/Linux ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¾å¤Ç¤ÎÅÁÅýŪ¤ÊÄã¥ì¥Ù¥ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ÀßÄê¥Ä¡¼¥ë¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï `net-tools' ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤Ë¼ýÏ¿¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë `ifconfig' ¤ä `route' ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¥Ä¡¼¥ë¤Ï¸ø¼°¤Ë `iproute' ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤Ë¼ýÏ¿ ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë `ip' ¤Ë¤è¤ê¼è¤Ã¤ÆÂå¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ `ip' ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ï Linux 2.2 °Ê¾å¤ÇÆ°¤­¡¢µì¼°¤Î¥Ä¡¼¥ë¤è¤ê¤â ¤è¤êµ¡Ç½Åª¤Ç¤¹¡£¤·¤«¤·¤Ê¤¬¤é¡¢µì¼°¤Î¥Ä¡¼¥ë¤â¤Þ¤ÀÆ°¤­¡¢Â¿¤¯¤Î¥æ¡¼¥¶¤Ë¤è¤ê ¿Æ¤·¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ 10.2.1. Äã¥ì¥Ù¥ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ÀßÄê¥Ä¡¼¥ë -- `ifconfig' ¤È `route' --------------------------------------------------------------- ¤³¤³¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¥¤¥¹ `eth0' ¤Î IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò `192.168.0.3' ¤«¤é `192.168.0.111' ¤ËÊѹ¹¤·¡¢`192.168.0.1' ·Ðͳ¤Ç `10.0.0.0' ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤ËÄ̤¹¤è¤¦¤Ë `eth0' ¤òÀßÄê ¤¹¤ëÊýË¡¤ò¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¸½ºß¤ÎÁ´¤Æ¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¥¤¥¹¤È¥ë¡¼¥Æ¥£¥ó¥°¤Î¾õ¶·¤òɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢ ¤Þ¤º¤Ï¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¥¤¥¹°ú¿ô̵¤·¤Ç `ifconfig' ¤È `route' ¤òµ¯Æ°¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤«¤é»Ï¤á¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦¡£ # ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:46:7A:02:B0 inet addr:192.168.0.3 Bcast:192.168.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:23363 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:21798 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:13479541 (12.8 MiB) TX bytes:20262643 (19.3 MiB) Interrupt:9 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:230172 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:230172 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:22685256 (21.6 MiB) TX bytes:22685256 (21.6 MiB) # route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 default 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.255 UG 0 0 0 eth0 ¤Þ¤º¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¥¤¥¹¤ò¥À¥¦¥ó¤µ¤»¤Þ¤¹¡£ # ifconfig eth0 inet down # ifconfig lo Link encap:Local Loopback ... 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Debian ¤Ç¤Î¹â¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Ê¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ÀßÄê ------------------------------------------- 10.6.1. `ifupdown'¤òÍѤ¤¤¿¹â¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Ê¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ÀßÄê ---------------------------------------------------- ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ÀßÄê¤ò¤è¤êÍưפˤ¹¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢Debian ¤Ï `ifup' ¤È `ifdown' ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤È `/etc/network/interfaces' ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë ¤«¤é¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤ëɸ½à¤Î¹â¥ì¥Ù¥ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ÀßÄê¥Ä¡¼¥ë¤ò¶¡µë¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ [1] ¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤ÎÀßÄê¤Ë `ifupdown' ¤ò»È¤ª¤¦¤È¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢ Ä̾ïÄã¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤òƱ»þ¤Ë»È¤¦¤Ù¤­ _¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó_¡£ ¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢Äã¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤ÊÀßÄê¥Ä¡¼¥ë¤ò¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤¹ `whereami', `divine',`intuitively' ¤Ê¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¾¤Î ¹â¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤ÊÀßÄê¥Ä¡¼¥ë¤ò»È¤¦¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤â°ÕÌ£¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£ `ifupdown' ¥×¥í¥°¥é¥à¤Ï¤³¤Î¥×¥í¥°¥é¥àñÆȤǥͥåȥ¥¯ ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¥¤¥¹¤ÎÀßÄê¤äÀßÄê²ò½ü¤ËÍøÍѤµ¤ì¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦°Õ¿Þ¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ½ñ¤«¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£ ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¥¤¥¹¤ÎÀßÄê¤ò¹¹¿·¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ # ifdown eth0 # editor /etc/network/interfaces # ¤ª¹¥¤­¤Ê¤è¤¦¤Ë¤¤¤¸¤ë # ifup eth0 ¤è¤ê¾Ü¤·¤¤¾ðÊó¤Ï interfaces(5), /usr/share/doc/ifupdown/examples/network-interfaces.gz, ¤È ifup(8) ¤ò¤´¤é¤ó¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£ [1] ºÇ¿·¤Î¥Ð¡¼¥¸¥ç¥ó¤Î `/etc/network/interfaces' ¤Î ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤Ï Potato °ÊÁ°¤Î¥Õ¥©¡¼¥Þ¥Ã¥È¤È¾¯¤·¸ß´¹À­¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£ `ifupdown' ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¸å¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤¬É¬Íפʾì¹ç¤Ë ¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¹¹¿·¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ 10.6.1.1. ¥¹¥¿¥Æ¥£¥Ã¥¯ IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤òÍѤ¤¤¿¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¥¤¥¹¤ÎÀßÄê ---------------------------------------------------------------- `192.168.0.111' ¤Î¸ÇÄê IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò»ý¤Ã¤¿ Ethernet ¥¤¥ó¥¿¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹ ¤ÎÀßÄê¤ò¹Ô¤¤¤¿¤¤¤È²¾Äꤷ¤Þ¤¹¡£¤³¤Î¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Ï `192.168.0' ¤«¤é»Ï¤Þ¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢LAN ¾å¤Ë¤¢¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤µ¤é¤Ë¡¢LAN ¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Ø¤Î¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤Î ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò `192.168.0.1' ¤È²¾Äꤷ¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¹Ô¤ò´Þ¤à¤è¤¦¤Ë `/etc/network/interfaces' ¤òÊÔ½¸¤·¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦¡£ iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.0.111 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.0.1 "up" ¤ä "down" ¹Ô¤ÎŬÀڤʥ³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤è¤ê¡¢¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¥¤¥¹¤Î ¾¤ÎÌ̤ˤĤ¤¤Æ¤ÎÀßÄ꤬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¤·¡¢¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¥¤¥¹¤ò Ω¤Á¾å¤²¤¿¸åËô¤ÏÍî¤È¤·¤¿¸å¤Ë¾¤Î¥¢¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò¼è¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£ iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.0.111 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.0.1 up route add -net 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 gw 192.168.0.2 dev $IFACE down route del -net 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 gw 192.168.0.2 dev $IFACE up echo Interface $IFACE going up | /usr/bin/logger -t ifup down echo Interface $IFACE Going down | /usr/bin/logger -t ifdown ¤½¤ÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë¡¢`/etc/network/if-up.d' ¤ä `/etc/network/if-down.d' ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤Ë¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤òÁÞÆþ¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È¤Ï³ÈÄ¥¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤â¼ÂÁõ¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¾ÜºÙ¤Ï interfaces(5) ¤ò¤´¤é¤ó¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£ Î㤨¤Ð¡¢`resolvconf' ¥Ñ¥Ã¥±¡¼¥¸¤Ë¤Ï ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Õ¥§¥¤¥¹¤òΩ¤Á¾å¤²¤ë¤È¤­¤Ë `/etc/resolv.conf' ¤Ë´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê DNS ¾ðÊó¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤òÄɲäǤ­¤Þ¤¹¡£ iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.0.111 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.0.1 dns-search somedomain.org dns-nameservers 195.238.2.21 195.238.2.22 `dns-search' ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î `somedomain.org' °ú¿ô¤Ï resolv.conf(5) ¤Ë¤¢¤ë `search' ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î°ú¿ô¤ËÂбþ¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ `dns-nameservers' ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î `195.238.2.21' ¤ª¤è¤Ó `195.238.2.22' °ú¿ô¤Ï `nameserver' ¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î°ú¿ô¤Ë Âбþ¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¾¤ÎÍøÍѲÄǽ¤Ê¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤È¤·¤Æ¤Ï¡¢`dns-domain' ¤È `dns-sortlist' ¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£ Âè 10.4.2 Àá, `¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¾ðÊó¤Î´ÉÍý -- `resolvconf'' ¤ò¤´¤é¤ó¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤¡£ 10.6.1.2. 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